This week two separate Quantum stories really struck me and grabbed my focus. Can open-source LLMs spur Quantum forward? That’s what Nvidia is betting on with their Ising product.

Nvidia says this “open-source family of AI models” spans key quantum workloads, starting with Ising Calibration for automating the rapid tuning of quantum processors and Ising Decoding, which accelerates the real-time decoding required for quantum error correction.

On April 14, 2026 (World Quantum Day), NVIDIA officially launched Ising. Nvidia is betting that “AI is key for turning today’s quantum processors into large-scale, reliable computers.” We don’t know if this is actually true, but it’s an interesting concept. Nvidia is saying that their models empower developers to build high-performance AI while maintaining total control over their data and infrastructure.

We do know that Nvidia has built quite a lot of partners around Quantum and have invested in a lot of Open-source AI startups and are keen to build their own. Meanwhile, IonQ, ticker , literally the only half-way successful Quantum stock has been chosen by an important program by DARPA called HARQ.

IonQ was selected for DARPA’s HARQ program to develop architectures for networked quantum computers across multiple qubit types.

Both of these news items could be a big deal in Quantum coming out of its winter period. Totally ridiculous of course that IonQ is worthy nearly $16 Bn. on the public markets. IonQ barely makes any revenue to justify such a valuation. IonQ reported just $130 million in GAAP revenue for full-year 2025 (ended Dec 31, 2025), representing 202% year-over-year growth from $43 million in 2024. I’m not sure it has a going future, but DARPA idea to combine qubit types is the new fad. We have talked about this with regards to Google Quantum’s own dual-qubit strategy previously.

The HARQ program focuses on integrating trapped ions, neutral atoms, and superconducting qubits using photonic interconnects to improve scalability and performance. A unified qubit system that takes the benefits of each system together makes a lot of intuitive sense. Some systems scale better, while others are more stable.

I’ve been saying for a while that I thought LLMs could help leverage better Quantum computers and that Quantum computing and LLMs could eventually converge in ways that aren’t obvious yet.

Have a multi-qubit system and using AI to leverage Quantum actually should work together. Hopefully well funded Quantum companies like Quantinuum and SandboxAQ have their eyes on this, as well as the likes of Microsoft, IBM and others. Nvidia is putting it on thick:

Watch the Product Video

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Good Morning,

Something has been nagging me, and it relates to this blog by Google. The world as we know it in terms of encryption and Bitcoin might not be safe soon. I think in a nutshell it’s safe to say that Google Quantum published a white paper about a week ago - showing they can break the 256-bit elliptic curve cryptography that secures most blockchains with roughly 20x fewer physical qubits than anyone previously thought possible.

That’s sort of a big deal!

Read the Paper

Will quantum computers crack cryptographic codes and cause a global security disaster? Agentic AI LLMs like Anthropic Mythos also could complicate the future of cybersecurity.

The rise of AI and autonomous agents is shifting the threat landscape, putting pressure on cybersecurity companies to keep up with more sophisticated attacks and tools that make hacking easier. They begin to mature around the same time as legit Quantum computers come online with enough qubits. This post-quantum cryptography (PQC) world of the 2030s is looking a bit weird.

Banks, governments and tech providers urged to upgrade security because current systems will soon be obsolete, but how to adjust?

Q-Day is why of course the theoretical future day when a quantum computer will have the capability to essentially break all cryptographic security, potentially creating a sort of hacking and identity theft armageddon.

One thing is for sure, the internet is about to get way more complicated in the 2030s.

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It’s March, 2026 and Google Quantum’s roadmap is getting a lot more tangible. Google Quantum AI is broadening its quantum computing roadmap by introducing a neutral atom quantum computing programme alongside its established superconducting qubit research. This is of course validation for Neutral Atom approach to qubit development.

As you know in a nutshell, The Neutral Atom approach is a method of quantum computing that uses uncharged atoms—typically alkali metals like Rubidium or Cesium—as qubits. These atoms are suspended in a vacuum and manipulated using highly focused laser beams.

The elegance of this approach is that neutral atoms are not held by magnetic or electric fields, but rather by the "pressure" of light.

Which sounds almost poetic to me.

While Google’s Quantum unit is I think guilty of a lot of PR down the years, this is an interesting development signals to me that BigTech is taking Quantum computing and its future more seriously.

When Google Quantum acquired Atlantic Quantum back in October, 2025 I was a bit surprised.

Read the Blog

Additionally Google’s introducing a 2029 timeline to secure the quantum era with post-quantum cryptography (PQC) migration. Read their official blog on this too. Google Quantum appears to see superconducting technology as the main path forward with Neutral Atom Qubit approach as more “complementary”.

Why add neutral atoms now?

Google is pursuing a dual-modality strategy because the two approaches have complementary strengths that address different scaling challenges, for instance:

1. Superconducting qubits (Google’s core platform):

   Excel in the “time dimension” — fast gate/measurement cycles (~1 microsecond).

   Have demonstrated millions of gate/measurement cycles in deep circuits.

   Next challenge: scaling architectures to tens of thousands of qubits.

2. Neutral atom qubits (new addition):

   Excel in the “space dimension” — already scaled to arrays of ~10,000 qubits.

   Offer flexible any-to-any connectivity (no fixed wiring constraints), which enables more efficient algorithms and low-overhead error-correcting codes.

   Trade-off: slower cycle times (~milliseconds).

   Next challenge: demonstrating deep circuits with many sequential operations.

Quantum companies, startups and labs are notorious in making ambitious road-maps that don’t always turn into tangible Quantum breakthroughs and developments overall have been slow and shifting.

Quantum appears to be a bit of a sideshow as many BigTech companies including Nvidia, Amazon, Microsoft and Google. From their blog it’s clear that Google plans to develop the neutral atom platform through advances in error correction, simulation and hardware, while continuing its superconducting roadmap toward commercial systems by the end of the decade.

With Infleqtion going public, , and Google giving the Neutral Atom approach a bit more mainstream credibility it’s fascinating to watch.

The Big Three in Neutral Atom Approach

1. QuEra

2. Pasqual

3. Infleqtion

It’s safe to say that these are the big three, more or less in the right order. Important to note that Pasqual is indeed also rushing to go public via a SPAC. The company will combine with Bleichroeder Acquisition Corp. II, a vehicle set up by Michel Combes and Andrew Gundlach, at a $2 billion pre-money valuation. While getting about $200 million in the process. I don’t believe I’ve covered the French team before - Cofounded in 2019 by Nobel prize winner Alain Aspect, Pascal builds and operates neutral-atom quantum processors. It has more than 275 employees and raised over $200 million from investors.

QuEra on the other hand, appears to have a pretty high ceiling with some very solid research. Based in Boston, QuEra is widely considered the technical leader in "analog" quantum simulation, though they are pivotally moving toward fault-tolerant digital systems.

Google Quantum’s dual approach to building a full-stack approach to scaling Qubits could be more important than it seems.

The Neutral Atom Approach Continued:

To create a quantum processor, scientists use Optical Tweezers. These are tightly focused laser beams that can grab individual atoms and move them into precise 2D or 3D geometries.

• Qubit State: The quantum information is usually stored in the atom’s internal energy levels (hyperfine states) or by exciting the atom to a Rydberg state.

• The Rydberg Blockade: This is the “secret sauce” for logic gates. When an atom is excited to a high energy level (a Rydberg state), its electron cloud expands significantly. This creates an electric field that prevents nearby atoms from being excited to that same state. This mutual influence allows two atoms to perform a “conditional” operation, forming a CNOT gate.

Google has launched a dedicated neutral atom hardware effort with three core pillars:

1. Quantum Error Correction — Adapting codes to the unique connectivity of neutral atom arrays for low space- and time-overhead fault-tolerant architectures.

2. Modeling and Simulation — Leveraging Google’s world-class compute resources for hardware architecture simulation, error budget optimization, and component targeting.

3. Experimental Hardware Development — Building the capabilities to control and manipulate atomic qubits at application scale with fault-tolerant performance.

Google’s Neutral Atom Team

The new team is based in Boulder, Colorado (a major hub for atomic, molecular, and optical physics) and is led by Dr. Adam Kaufman, a JILA Fellow and CU Boulder faculty member who is joining Google while maintaining his academic ties.

Google’s Space-Time Experiment in Quantum

Google frames this expansion as a trade-off between “Space” and “Time.” By pursuing both, they aim to cover the weaknesses of one with the strengths of the other:

• Superconducting (The “Time” Leader): These qubits excel at circuit depth. They have extremely fast cycle times (microseconds) and have already demonstrated complex operations with millions of gate cycles. However, scaling them to the tens of thousands of physical qubits needed for error correction is a massive engineering hurdle.

• Neutral Atoms (The “Space” Leader): These excel at qubit count. They have already scaled to arrays of ~10,000 qubits using “optical tweezers” (lasers) to hold individual atoms. While their cycle times are slower (milliseconds), they offer flexible, “any-to-any” connectivity, which makes error-correcting codes much more efficient.

This dual strategy might be mirrored by other BigTech teams I suspect as a new formula or modality in and of itself. Sort of like a full-stack approach to Quantum modalities and scaling.

Kaufman is a notable for his pioneering work in Atomic, Molecular, and Optical (AMO) physics. On this University of Colorado Physics page is reads:

“My research focuses on how to apply the tools of atomic, molecular, and optical physics to the microscopic investigation of quantum mechanics. I am interested in understanding and revealing the role of entanglement in complex quantum systems, both from a fundamental standpoint as well as for the purpose of understanding relevant condensed-matter models. I also investigate how to push the limits on our ability to retain quantum coherence while building up increasingly complex quantum states. To pursue these goals, we rely on microscopy, precision spectroscopy, and ultracold atom techniques.”

Here is a list of his publications.

The Boulder Colorado area is already a key hub in Quantum computing research and talent. Dr. Kaufman is widely known for his expertise in manipulating individual atoms using optical tweezers—highly focused laser beams that act as "tractors" to hold and move single particles.

BigTech keeps eating into some of the top Quantum talent whether it’s at Microsoft, Google or elsewhere. As Quantum startups are relegated to a weird purgatory where real Quantum computers don’t exactly exist yet in a commercially viable manner in all seriousness. Obviously there’s a lot of potential here, but so far only IonQ has been able to generate decent revenue as a public company, where Quantinuum will immediately be the leader once it finally goes public. We are still early days for Quantum computing and its long history.

Google Quantum does its fair share of PR, but it’s hard sometimes to find the substance in the research. However the dual approach makes a lot of sense and enables them to collect more talent and build a more tangible approach.

“The mission at our Google Quantum AI lab is to build quantum computing for otherwise unsolvable problems” - Yossi Matias

As vague as these statements can be, Google Quantum appears to be fairly serious in their objectives.

While promising, the Neutral Atom approach technology still faces hurdles:

• Laser Precision: Controlling hundreds of lasers with sub-micron accuracy is a massive engineering feat.

• Atom Loss: Occasionally, an atom can be “knocked” out of its trap, requiring the system to reload and re-initialize the grid.

• Gate Speed: Neutral atom gates are generally slower than superconducting qubits, though they compensate with longer coherence times.

Adam Kaufman you must have realized is fairly young to be given such a role and must be an extraordinary talent. adam.kaufman@colorado.edu

In this YouTube video of around 2024 he describes what his Lab does.

Atomic clocks related to Neutral Atoms also have military and national defense implications. Which ironically is also part of how Inflection claims it generates some revenue. The utility relates to post GPS-navigation and has implications for Space warfare that is certainly coming. These are also important as you can imagine in Submarines and undersea drones and pinpoint navigation.

“This move further embeds our research within one of the most sophisticated physics ecosystems in the world, alongside partners like NIST and QuEra.” - Google Quantum

QuEra is a key partner of Google, thus Google now has as much insight into Neutral Atom computing as possible. Atom Computing was a fairly good team. For more than a decade, Google has focused on superconducting qubits — which are essentially tiny circuits cooled to near absolute zero.

Google is calling this an “experimental hardware team” that will be based in Boulder, Colorado, a region that hosts a significant concentration of AMO research at institutions including CU Boulder, JILA and NIST Boulder.

In general, his research focuses on using alkaline-earth atoms (like Strontium and Ytterbium) as qubits. These systems offer "any-to-any" connectivity, allowing qubits to interact with any other qubit in a large array, which is a significant advantage for error correction compared to fixed-grid superconducting chips.

While no large-scale academic consensus exists as to which qubit approach is the best. Google’s two are certainly I believe are front runners.

A Hybrid Approach - Multi-Modal Qubit Approaches

Google Quantum in some sense is really mirroring the hybrid consensus approach. The overwhelming consensus among leading experts is that the field is multi-modal: different qubit technologies have complementary strengths, and the future of quantum computing will likely involve parallel development, hybridization, and integration rather than a single winner.

Google’s neutral atom research is built on three pillars, which include adaptation of quantum error correction protocols to the physical connectivity of neutral atom arrays and use of high-performance computational modelling and simulation to optimise hardware architecture and error budgets. The third pillar focuses on experimental development of atomic qubit systems at application-relevant scales.

This video features Dr. Adam Kaufman discussing the technical foundations of his research, specifically the use of neutral atoms for both high-precision atomic clocks and quantum computing qubits.

Good luck Adam!

As more speculative companies are going public in 2026 and 2027, Quantum computing companies have no choice but to join the event. It’s the year of science fiction IPOs and that means our share of SPACs.

IQM announced on February 23rd, 2026 that it would go public via a SPAC. The Finland Quantum startup will see a transaction that will value the company at an initial $1.8 billion valuation.

The Helsinki HQ company is an interesting one. IQM is one of the few companies globally that provides full-stack quantum systems, meaning they build everything from the quantum chips to the software interface. They also have some real revenue, about $35 million ARR in 2025.

That means they have some decent partnerships too such as: Strong commercial integrations with high-performance computing and enterprise platforms across the quantum/AI value chain such as NVIDIA, Hewlett Packard Enterprise, AWS, Toyo Corporation and Bechtle AG.

Europe’s strength in Quantum computing will be tested by the market. IQM Quantum Computers (often just called IQM) is a leading quantum computing company specializing in building full-stack superconducting quantum computers.

This article is a stub mostly about the breaking news.

BOOM. Europe produces its first publicly traded quantum champion.

Who knew it would be from Finland. 🇫🇮

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One of the few things that gets me optimistic about the future of Quantum computing, are the new startups that get funding. In recent years U.K. Universities have been such a talent bed with some promising spin-outs.

In early December, 2025 we learned that the University of Cambridge spin-off developing photonic networking hardware designed to…

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Good Morning,

I’m trying to analyze Google Quantum’s new PR with a level head. This is difficult to do given Google’s history of exaggerating its Quantum developments. Try to read it with a grain of salt: Google Quantum AI has reported a physics experiment that pushes quantum computing further into what researchers call the “beyond-classical” regime, where even the world’s most powerful supercomputers fail to keep up.

As it has many times before, Google has claimed a breakthrough in quantum computing after developing an algorithm that performed a task beyond the capabilities of conventional computers.

• The experiment used a new “Quantum Echoes” algorithm to measure interference effects called OTOC(2), revealing quantum behavior that classical machines cannot efficiently reproduce.

• It represents the first demonstration of a verifiable quantum advantage, where a quantum computer performs a practical, repeatable calculation that surpasses the capabilities of the world’s fastest classical supercomputers—specifically, running up to 13,000 times faster for certain tasks. The algorithm focuses on measuring subtle quantum interference effects in chaotic systems, enabling more precise modeling of real-world quantum phenomena like molecular interactions.

This as the Trump Administration has hinted at maybe taking a stake in the three “major” Quantum computing startups that are public companies. In yet another pump and dump by Trump and his associates, the Wall Street Journal reported that the Trump administration is in talks about taking equity stakes in quantum computing firms in exchange for federal funding.

In a paper published in Nature, the team describes using its 65-qubit superconducting processor to measure a subtle quantum interference phenomenon called the second-order out-of-time-order correlator, or OTOC(2).

Read the paper: Full title is: “Observation of constructive interference at the edge of quantum ergodicity”

Observation of quantum ergodicity

How It Works

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And in the news:

The Quantum winter is so bad consolidation has begun. I don’t know how I feel about this: Google Quantum AI has acquired Atlantic Quantum, an MIT-founded startup developing superconducting quantum hardware, to accelerate progress toward error-corrected quantum computers.

“We’re excited to announce Atlantic Quantum, an MIT-founded startup, is joining Google Quantum AI. Their work on integrated quantum hardware will accelerate our roadmap toward building a large scale error-corrected quantum computer” - Google Quantum aI

Honestly BigTech swallowing Quantum startup is bad news for the sector. At a time when IonQ is trading like a meme stock with barely any revenue what’s the incredible future we were talking about again?

BigTech to eat their lunch? This doesn’t make Google a leader in Quantum though, Google Quantum AI, which was founded in 2012, is on a mission to build quantum computers to solve otherwise unsolvable problems spun out Sandbox AQ, that has gotten so much funding. Google’s Willow chip PR was also underwhelming as compared to the reality.

Still I guess they want to grow: Atlantic Quantum’s modular chip stack combines qubits with superconducting control electronics in cold-stage systems. In theory, the acquisition aims to scale Google’s superconducting qubit hardware following recent Willow chip progress.

“Founded in 2012, Google Quantum AI has pursued a roadmap centered on superconducting qubits, with milestones including the 2019 “quantum supremacy” experiment and the recently introduced Willow chip.”

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It’s game time for some Quantum computing startups, Infleqution formally called ColdQuanta, is going public, well in a manner of speaking! As Quantum SPACs of the past are behaving like meme stocks, it seems this team wants to get in on the fun!

I have very mixed feelings about this! As I’ll go over today. Churchill Capital Corp X.

Quantum computing and sensing markets expected to exceed $160 billion in aggregate by 2040, spanning artificial intelligence, defense, energy, space, materials science, and financial services.

SPACs have grifted millions of retail investors over the course of the last half decade or so, typically it’s a fast-track for low quality companies to go public. Typically these companies are speculative and aren’t making much money! The team announced a new CTO, Pranav Gokhale.

Let me refresh your memory - Infleqtion, a Boulder, Colorado-based quantum technology company, specializes in developing and commercializing neutral atom-based quantum technologies.

At least they have a nice ticker: $INFQ - so Infleqtion has entered into a definitive business combination agreement with Churchill Capital Corp X, valuing the quantum technology company at $1.8 billion and positioning it to go public under the ticker “INFQ.” Given the meme-stock nature of the stock market lately in late 2025, this is interesting timing.

Let’s remind ourselves just what is at stake here exactly:

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I hope you had a good summer, this Newsletter is back to its normal cadence. There have been several Quantum startup funding rounds (during the last few weeks) I’d like to track and catch up on. Honeywell spin-out Quantinuum certainly is among those I’m most bullish about (a list that has been whittled down considerably in the past couple of years) in the current Quantum winter.

Honeywell confirmed Quantinuum has raised $600 million in equity funding at a pre-money valuation of $10 billion. This is a Quantum startup I’m dying to go IPO. The current Quantum startups that are public, are very underwhelming inspite of their meme like stock actions.

Read the Blog

Quantinuum uses trapped-ion QCCD (Quantum Charge-Coupled Device) architecture for its qubits, achieving high fidelities and all-to-all connectivity.

I won’t say this is the best approach to Qubits, but for scale it’s certainly an approach to watch.

The valuation is certainly interesting and ambitious: at a pre-money equity valuation of $10 billion! Perhaps what I like the most about it is that Nvidia participated. The round was announced on September 4, 2025, and included new investors such as Quanta Computer, NVentures (NVIDIA’s venture capital arm), QED Investors, MESH, and Korea Investment Partners, alongside reinvestments from existing shareholders like JPMorgan Chase, Mitsui & Co., Amgen, Cambridge Quantum Holdings, Serendipity Capital, and Honeywell, which remains the majority shareholder.

NVIDIA’s venture capital arm does their due diligence fairly well as I have witnessed over the last three years related to AI chip and Generative AI startups. So there’s that!

The other notable thing is there’s a lot of new investors: New investors including Quanta Computer (Taiwan), NVentures, and QED Investors joined existing backers such as JPMorgan, Mitsui, Amgen, and Honeywell, with Honeywell and Cambridge Quantum remaining the largest shareholders.

Nvidia and Quantinuum

In 2022, Quantinuum became the first company to bring Nvidia’s CUDA-Q to its Quantum systems, establishing a pioneering collaboration with Nvidia.

The round also includes participation from new investors MESH and Korea Investment Partners.

Quantinuum continues increasing its commercial momentum and earning global recognition. The company will work with NVIDIA as a founding collaborator on breakthroughs at the NVIDIA Accelerated Quantum Research Center.

This gives Quantinuum (that already had) a bit more added credibility.

Towards Helios 🔆

This capital raise will support Quantinuum’s advancement of quantum computing at scale, which includes continued progress toward the upcoming launch of Helios, the company’s next generation quantum computing system that is expected to launch this year. It will also support Quantinuum’s path to becoming the first to perform universal fault-tolerant computing.

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In the past week Quantum stocks have gone parabolic beyond all sense or reason.

• D-Wave is up 72% so far in 2025.

• IonQ is up volatile as all heck, somehow at a $10 Billion valuation.

• Quantum stocks behaving like meme penny stocks is not reassuring.

None of which are founded on fundamentals. If you want to invest in Quantum: Honeywell, IBM, and Quantinuum when they go public make more sense to me.

Meanwhile formerly called ColdQuanta, Infleqtion got more funding.

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Jensen Huang says quantum computing is far off from being mainstream, but Nvidia seems ready to invest.

Just a little note on Nvidia’s efforts in Quantum. This is a short note for investors.

PsiQuantum is the biggest Quantum semiconductor moonshot company having raised over $1.7 billion and achieving a valuation of $6 billion as of March 2025.

PsiQuantum employs a photonics-based approach called "fusion-based quantum computing" (FBQC). This method utilizes individual photons as qubits and relies on well-established optical technology, though it requires precise manufacturing to scale up.

Nvidia investing in PsiQuantum could deliver a stock market hybe bubble for Quantum computing that could significantly move the needle. This is because Nvidia is on pace to become the most valuable company in the world dominating the AI chip market. Since they are also focusing on Quantum’s capabilities it has profound consequences for the Quantum computing nascent industry.

A Black Rock Party

NVIDIA is reportedly in advanced talks to invest in PsiQuantum as part of a $750 million funding round led by BlackRock, marking its first direct investment in quantum hardware and potentially valuing the company at nearly $6 billion.

Usually this wouldn’t be news but because of the size of the bet of PsiQuantum and the fame of Nvidia, will make many onlookers starting to notice.

The deal would mark Nvidia’s first investment in a company focused on building physical quantum computers. Nvidia is looking into Quantum hybrid datacenters in its partnerships with TSMC, Taiwan and major winners of the Quantum chip race.

Nvidia investing in PsiQuantum and Quantinuum going IPO are the two major events of consequences I see that could rally the Quantum industry into a more hyped and mainstream category. Infleqtion, SandboxAQ, Quantum Machines and others need to think about going IPO too. The timing by around 2026-2028will be right for a Quantum stock rally that makes today’s figures look well, normal. Currently the bell-weather stock for Quantum is . As you might know, it’s up 295% in the last year.

Unlike other startups, PsiQuantum employs conventional semiconductor manufacturing techniques and works with governments in Australia and the United States to develop quantum computers in Brisbane and Chicago. - Reuters

Nvidia’s support for PsiQuantum could not just help bridge the gap between theoretical advancements and practical implementation, but mean Quantum stocks become even more elevated leading to an IPO goldrush for the best Quantum startups. This is inevitable, it’s just a question of timing. This is the best thing the VC community around the Quantum industry can do to keep capital flowing into the space and push innovation forwards.

The U.S. stock market is an accelerator, and Nvidia understand this full well now as of 2025. Whatever you make of PsiQuantum, they are a big bet for a nascent industry. A $750 million round for a Quantum startup is not just rare, it’s pretty much unheard of.

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Classiq has really put Israel on the map in Quantum software, do remember back in the day Microsoft was a major backer of Classiq and is among its most likely M&A destinations.

Classiq has built a software platform to facilitate programming for quantum computers

Classiq has raised $110 million in Series C funding, reportedly the largest ever for a quantum software company, bringing its total funding to $173 million.

Classiq has a very diverse group of investors at it has matured as one of the key Quantum startups in Israel. The financing round was led by global venture capital fund Entrée Capital, with participation from Norwest, NightDragon, Hamilton Lane, Clal, Neva SGR, Phoenix, Team8, IN Venture, Wing, HSBC, Samsung Next and QBeat.

In the words of CEO and co-founder Nir Minerbi, Classiq is building “the Microsoft of quantum computing” – the software stack that powers real-world quantum applications. Calling yourself the Microsoft of Quantum really does sound good on paper, even if real Quantum computers don’t exist yet with millions of qubits to be truly useful.

That’s not to say that their partnerships aren’t growing however; Citi, BMW Group, and Deloitte are just a few organizations that depend on them, and Classiq is deeply embedded across hundreds of global academic institutions.

🚀 Quantum Coding Just Leveled Up

Classiq was founded in December, 2019 (2020 on many websites) so they are developing well for being just five years old. The company plans to scale its commercial and R&D operations globally, positioning itself as a foundational player in the quantum ecosystem with customers with increasing partnerships.

Founded by CEO Nir Minerbi, CTO Yehuda Naveh and his son CPO Amir Naveh, Classiq has developed a software operating platform that works across all major types of quantum hardware. The platform is tailored to help data scientists, computational scientists, and engineers work on quantum algorithms and build programs and applications with high-performance computational power that hold the promise of speeding up solutions to today’s most complex real-world problems.

The startup also had 2022 backing from the likes of the current Intel CEO Lip-Bu Tan, Hewlett Packard Pathfinder, the venture capital program of Hewlett Packard Enterprise (HPE); Phoenix, a $60-billion insurance company; Spike Ventures, a Stanford alumni investor group; and Samsung NEXT, the investment arm of Samsung are new investors in the company. So there aren’t just Microsoft connections here there are many others as well.

Classiq’s backers have a lot of interesting things to say about the startup.

Classiq has a very Diversified List of Backers

If you curious to look up the backers on LinkedIn this may help: Entrée Capital, Norwest, NightDragon, Hamilton Lane, Clal, NEVA SGR, Phoenix, Team8, IN Venture, Wing Venture Capital, HSBC, A&E Investments, Samsung Next, OurCrowd, Qbeat Ventures, and others.

Israeli entrepreneurs of course are skilled at sales and Nir is positioning Classiq as a great Quantum acquisition target in the years ahead, or to go public.

“We are building the Microsoft of quantum computing – a software layer that powers the next generation of quantum applications, just as Microsoft did for classical computing,” said Classiq’s Minerbi.

Classiq is really well known to Quantum developers and thus have quite an active community. The company says its platform provides advantages such as accelerated onboarding, enabling developers and data scientists get to grips with quantum computing much faster than they otherwise would.

Classiq in a Nutshell

The platform simplifies the creation and design of complex quantum circuits and is geared to allow businesses and organizations without in-house quantum experts to build quantum applications that can resolve complex calculations in areas such as the automotive industry, automation, finance, and drug discovery in the pharmaceutical industry.

• Automotive industry

• Automation

• Finance

• Drug Discovery

• Pharma

Curiously a lot of Classiq’s best partners are in the Automotive industry at present. Classiq is also smaller and leaner than I had imagined. Classiq, which employs 65 people, plans to double its workforce over the coming year.

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I cover emerging tech, sometimes called deep tech in Europe. Recently there was a Series B that really caught my attention. Let’s note right now: UbiQD^® is pronounced 'ubiquity'.

UbiQD^® a so-called global leader in quantum dot (QD) technology, announced on April 22nd, 2025 that it closed a $20 million Series B financing round.

What they are trying to do…

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Hello Everyone,

There are times where I really want to write about science news on this channel. While I’m obsessed with emerging tech, the exoplanet aspect of astronomy is seriously fascinating for our civilization’s progress.

Recently K2-18b, located 124 light-years from Earth, could be a Hycean world: a potentially habitable planet entirely covered i…

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Welcome Back,

Sometimes you can tell signs about an industry by some of the smaller investments, moves, funding and research announcements. Let’s see if that holds true in early 2025.

Lately BTQ out of Vancouver has acquired a stake in QPerfect. BTQ Technologies claims to be a quantum technology company and provides things like quantum security, verifiable scripting, hardware acceleration, and post-quantum blockchain scaling solution, as well as combines software and hardware to safeguard assets with post-quantum services and solutions.

The stake is €2 million in QPerfect, a French deeptech company specializing in neutral atom quantum computing and design automation. The proposed investment grants BTQ a 16.67% equity stake, with an option to acquire full ownership within 12 months.

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This week Chinese state media had a report about using Origin Quantum’s Wukong in Generative AI. Is this the first signs of legit AQ or just a publicity stunt?

If true, this is super relevant to the AQ era we sometimes talk about on this Newsletter.

On April 7th, it is claimed Chinese scientists successfully conducted the world's first fine-tuning task of a billion-parameter artificial intelligence (AI) large model on China's independently developed third-generation superconducting quantum computer named Origin Wukong.

Will Chinese LLM model efficiency extend to using Quantum computers? DeepSeek has conducted a lot of hardware and software experiments, but this is totally different.

A team of scientists and engineers in Hefei, Anhui province, recently used a quantum computer to fine-tune a billion-parameter AI model-marking a world-first achievement in AQ.

AQ stands for the intersection of AI and quantum computing technologies. Some analysts believe that when we have Quantum computers with millions of qubits it will open up new AI architectures well beyond the LLMs of today. Many hope that time is just around the corner, in the 2030s. It’s too soon to say if that is going to be a reality, it could be in the 5 to 15 year range most likely.

In a new report, the Australian Strategic Policy Institute says China is outpacing the US in 37 out of 44 critical technology research areas.

Read the Report

In a new report from the Australian Strategic Policy Institute (ASPI), the US comes second to China in the majority of critical technology research areas examined, like artificial intelligence, robotics, biotechnology and quantum technology and specifically in defense and space-related technologies. Source: Breaking Defense.

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Welcome Back!

I’ve never believed we have quantum computers, all we have with Quantum startups are a bunch of prototypes of Quantum machines using different qubit explorations and technologies. We aren’t even yet in the quantum computing era proper.

While Google, Microsoft and now even Amazon (New 'Ocelot' chip) boast a prototype of a Quantum chip, it’s all noise and no signal. That’s not stopping Quantum from raising huge funding rounds.

In the insane startup culture of Tel Aviv and Israel, a startup called Quantum Machines was born about seven years ago. Few cities in the world have the startup innovation of Tel Aviv and the Quantum industry is no exception. Fast forward a few years and this team has just raised a week ago, $170 million.

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I have been thinking about Microsoft’s push of their topological qubit approach for the past few days. When Google or Microsoft claim breakthroughs in something they aren’t known for, we need to be skeptical.

Microsoft’s latest work, published in Nature Magazine, introduces Majorana-1, a 𝗻𝗲𝘄 𝗾𝘂𝗮𝗻𝘁𝘂𝗺 𝗽𝗿𝗼𝗰𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗼𝗿 𝗱𝗲𝘀𝗶𝗴𝗻 aimed at leveraging 𝘁𝗼𝗽𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗾𝘂𝗯𝗶𝘁𝘀. Their study discusses a single-shot interferometric measurement of fermion parity—a fundamental step toward measurement-based quantum computing.

• Satya going on Dwarkesh’s podcast is going a bit too far! Microsoft is not an AGI company nor is its approach anywhere close to a million qubits.

The PR is on the borderline of BigTech misinformation, and given that Microsoft owns LinkedIn, this is a major problem for real journalism, facts or accountability journalism and media with a balanced perspective. If the Billionaire class controls social media like we have seen recently with X, LinkedIn and Threads, we aren’t getting facts and real journalism. Most enthusiasts or evangelists simply spread the misinformation, portraying it as factual.

There are major gaps in how Microsoft is framing the enormity of the challenge, mostly to make themselves look like a leader. The reality is it’s much more complicated, and the world still doesn’t know which qubit approach is the best for scaling Quantum computers to 1 million qubits. There’s a fairly high chance it’s not the topological qubit, the approach Microsoft has taken.

Gamechanger from Microsoft?

Good on Dwarkesh for doing lucrative PR for Microsoft. However, that’s his job as a YouTuber. I get it. He wants to profit and Microsoft wants to reach a bigger audience.

Every week I’m reading science news about a “Quantum breakthrough”, it’s a title that garners clicks and yet illustrates how absurdly far we are from realizing real quantum computers. Google or Microsoft’s Quantum chips don’t really move civilization forwards. There’s not just a lot of unknowns here, there’s a lot of exaggeration throughout the years by IBM, Google and Microsoft in their approaches to Quantum.

Microsoft Hasn’t Made Tangible Headway

While the Microsoft announcement shows work that does not demonstrate a functional Majorana qubit, it does introduce an interesting new architecture, according to Cecile M. Perrault of Alice & Bob.

Quantum computing has no lack of possible and speculative qubit architectures to scale Quantum computers into reality.

Major Qubit Approaches

As of 2025 we have no idea which qubit approach will reach the goal, if any of the current ones under experimentation and with R&D. We do however have an idea of which might be most likely to achieve QEC and scalable quantum computers.

Microsoft’s topological qubits aren’t among the common sense leaders by the way.

Cecile continues:

𝗛𝗼𝘄 𝗗𝗼𝗲𝘀 𝗧𝗵𝗶𝘀 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗮𝗿𝗲 𝘁𝗼 𝗢𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗿 𝗤𝘂𝗯𝗶𝘁𝘀?

Quantum computing is evolving with multiple approaches, each with its own strengths:
• 𝗦𝘂𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗾𝘂𝗯𝗶𝘁𝘀 (IBM , Google , Amazon Web Services (AWS) , Alice & Bob, Rigetti Computing ) – The most established technology, with the most progress on error correction.
• 𝗧𝗿𝗮𝗽𝗽𝗲𝗱 𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀 (IonQ , Quantinuum ) – Highly coherent but the path to scaling is challenging.
• 𝗦𝗽𝗶𝗻 𝗾𝘂𝗯𝗶𝘁𝘀 (Intel Corporation , C12 , Quobly ) – Semiconductor-based, promising integration with classical computing.
• 𝗣𝗵𝗼𝘁𝗼𝗻𝗶𝗰 𝗾𝘂𝗯𝗶𝘁𝘀 (PsiQuantum , Xanadu , Quandela ) – Using light for quantum processing and long-distance networking.
• 𝗡𝗲𝘂𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗹 𝗮𝘁𝗼𝗺𝘀 (Pasqal , QuEra Computing Inc. ) – Using arrays of cold atoms as scalable qubits with long coherence times.

In the superconducting category, some are tailored for efficient error correction:
• 𝗖𝗮𝘁 𝗾𝘂𝗯𝗶𝘁𝘀 (Alice & Bob, Amazon Web Services (AWS) ) – a sub-class of superconducting qubits with passive error protection
• 𝗧𝗼𝗽𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗾𝘂𝗯𝗶𝘁𝘀 (Microsoft ) – Another subclass of superconducting qubits, theoretically robust but experimentally challenging
• 𝗙𝗹𝘂𝘅𝗼𝗻𝗶𝘂𝗺 𝗾𝘂𝗯𝗶𝘁𝘀 ( Atlantic Quantum )– A type of superconducting qubit with improved coherence properties

What I think

• I certainly believe that Neutral atoms or photonic qubits are much better prospects for the “right qubit approach” to get us to scalable Quantum computers than Microsoft’s moonshot here.

• Microsoft promoting their architecture as a “breakthrough” only reinforces my feelings on this.

How to Summarize Qubit Approaches:

Let’s try again to simply summarize what these different approaches do.

🟢 Topological Qubits

Topological qubits are a novel approach aimed at providing inherent error resistance through their unique braiding properties, suggesting a robust path forward for fault-tolerant quantum computing that reduces the need for extensive quantum error correction mechanisms.

🔵 Superconducting Qubits

Superconducting qubits work by using superconducting materials to create circuits that can oscillate between quantum states. They are currently one of the most widely used types in quantum computers, with major companies like IBM and Google utilizing them.

🟣 Trapped Ion Qubits

In trapped ion quantum computing, individual ions are manipulated using lasers. The ions are held in place using electromagnetic fields, and their internal quantum states serve as qubits. This method allows for high precision and coherence but can be technologically challenging to scale.

🟠 Photonic Qubits

Photonic qubits use properties of photons, such as their polarization or phase, to represent quantum information. This approach benefits from robustness against environmental interference and is particularly promising for quantum communication and networking applications.

🔴 Neutral Atom Qubits

Neutral atom qubits involve trapping and manipulating neutral atoms using laser light. They allow for scalable architectures due to the ability to control interactions between atoms at a distance.

🟡 Quantum Dots

Quantum dots are semiconductor-based qubits that leverage the quantum mechanical properties of confined electron states. They can be integrated with existing semiconductor technology, presenting a potential pathway for future quantum computing devices.

🔘 Defect-Based Qubits

Defect-based qubits use imperfections in solids, such as vacancies in diamond lattices (e.g., nitrogen-vacancy centers), to represent qubits. These defects can be manipulated optically and are promising due to their stability and coherence times.

Startups, Innovation and Reality

Most of these approaches will be dead-ends, a lot of the current leading Quantum startups in their prototypes won’t exist in the 2030s. That’s just the reality of Quantum startups pretending like they are “one breakthrough away” from Quantum computers with millions of qubits, but the progress in reality is actually painfully slow.

Microsoft promoting their moonshot as dogma isn’t doing anyone any favors, unless you happen to own a lot of fairly poor Quantum computing penny stocks. In this Newsletter I have talked repeatedly about whom I am referring to.

Microsoft’s Topological architecture is interesting, don’t’ get me wrong, but it’s not a breakthrough. Just like Google’s PR in December, 2024 wasn’t real or tangible. These are absurd exaggerations to anyone in the field, who obviously need to keep their mouths shut. They have financial incentives to exaggerate the capabilities of the work they are doing.

• Read the transcript of Satya Nadella’s YouTube appearances here. But don’t take what he claims at face value. It’s simply PR.

Cecile concludes:

“Scaling up quantum computing requires 𝗾𝘂𝗯𝗶𝘁𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗰𝗮𝗻 𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗹𝗲 𝗲𝗿𝗿𝗼𝗿𝘀 𝗲𝗳𝗳𝗶𝗰𝗶𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗹𝘆. Whether through Majorana qubits, cat qubits, or neutral atoms, reducing the need for excessive error correction is key to making quantum computing practical.”

• Microsoft’s February 19th PR announcement containing few technical details.

Satya comparing their speculative Topological qubit architecture to the history of the transistor is ludicrous. It’s hard to listen to, because frankly, it is a form of misinformation.

Unfortunately in 2025, whether its Google DeepMind, Microsoft or OpenAI, the PR is a kind of illegal lobbying where they have too much control over social media pushing somewhat fairly false spins on innovation and research. It doesn’t hold up to scrutiny, facts or even rudimentary investigations.

As of 2024, the ratio of public relations (PR) professionals to journalists in the United States has reached approximately six to one.

Unfortunately as democracy and capitalism unravel, Silicon VAlley have irrevocably hurt real journalism and what’s left of the the media establishment is itself Billionaire backed.

It was the job of Catherine Bolgar to portray Microsoft as a winner. Their approach is a decent Moonshot, where “the breakthrough” required developing an entirely new materials stack made of indium arsenide and aluminum, much of which Microsoft designed and fabricated atom by atom.

Catherine on her website says, she has written over a thousand articles on nearly every topic imaginable. Yet indeed, it is a work of the imagination too. If you don’t have technical details to present and are employing a PR writer of this variety, what reasonable conclusion should we draw?

After all, topological qubits are themselves speculative.

Majorana 1 chip Promo Video

This is the lowest grade of vague quantum computing rhetoric that we’ve been hearing for the last decade or more. Spin out your Moonshot, IPO it, do something! Don’t just put out weak PR like this. Grow some balls Microsoft.

What is the Majorana 1 chip?

So why is making a chip around it deceptive?

• It is touted as the world’s first quantum processor powered by a Topological Core architecture that allows it to potentially scale.

• The Majorana 1 chip is based on a new architectural concept leveraging a special class of materials known as topological superconductors or topoconductors. These materials are designed to observe and control Majorana particles, which are exotic quasiparticles theorized to exist under specific conditions.

• People like Matthias Troyer have been at Microsoft for over 19 years. Can you guess after two decades where the real state of this technology is in terms of commercializing into a real product? I dare you to take a wild guess.

Microsoft likely didn’t get DARPA partnerships on merit, you see. Microsoft is a Cloud provider to the DoD. Increasingly moving into Poland you understand what this means for European foreign affairs and politics. Microsoft has established itself as a key cloud service provider for the United States Department of Defense (DoD) through its Azure platform.

Microsoft’s topological qubit architecture is so out there, it’s highly likely not even among the top two dozens companies in Quantum computing. Pretending you are, is just not going to cut it in such a competitive world.

Microsoft faced a significant setback when it had to retract a controversial research paper published in 2018, related to quantum computing, which was featured in the journal Nature. They have a history like Google does, of exaggerating their capabilities.

What are Majorana fermions?

Microsoft's Majorana fermions refer to a special class of particles that are pivotal in the company's development of quantum computing technology. The concept of Majorana fermions originates from theoretical physics, where they are defined as particles that are their own antiparticles. These particles were first proposed by Italian physicist Ettore Majorana in 1937, and their unique properties inspire new methods for storing and processing quantum information.

It’s a very cool idea! If Topological qubit architectures scale, it’s not likely to be the work under Microsoft that does it or achieves it. 1937! So an idea that’s almost 100 years old.

• Majorana fermions are utilized to create topological qubits, which promise greater stability and lower error rates compared to traditional qubit designs.

• Research and experimentation around creating and measuring Majorana fermions have been ongoing and it’s not actually clear where Microsoft is along the journey.

What is DARPA's Quantum Benchmark Initiative?

The Quantum Benchmark Initiative (QBI) is an innovative program initiated by DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) aimed at assessing the viability and long-term utility of quantum computing technologies. Its primary focus is to create new benchmarks that will quantitatively measure the progress of quantum computers. This initiative seeks to establish reliable metrics for evaluating the performance and potential applications of quantum computing systems in various fields.

What is more likely is this program yielded some good results. It’s lucrative for Microsoft to work with DARPA. However they aren’t transparent about that either.

• The exact financial details regarding Microsoft's collaboration with DARPA on quantum computing, such as the total funding amount or specific financial arrangements, have not been publicly disclosed.

DARPA’s QBI program sounds fairly speculative as well. Their goal is to do it by 2033, eight full years away. Just to verify which approach might be the best! That’s not very reassuring.

The Quantum Benchmarking Initiative is an expansion of the existing DARPA Underexplored Systems for Utility-Scale Quantum Computing (US2QC).

Read More into QBI

Microsoft’s Moonshot Architecture

It’s highly unlikely Microsoft’s topological architecture will build Quantum computers with over a million qubits in the next 10 years, perhaps not in the next 20 years. But another qubit approach is likely to make significant progress (i.e. logical qubits) in this period. Also have to add, fairly probable Microsoft’s topological approach never comes to practical fruition of scale.

Microsoft has spent 17 years researching a new material and architecture for quantum computing. But there’s no actual evidence it has made good progress.

Microsoft Quantum is a branch of Microsoft focused on developing quantum computing technologies and solutions. There’s not much grounding in reality that Microsoft Azure Quantum is a leader in the field. If anything, I have more confidence in Amazon here via Amazon Braket. What Nvidia is doing in Quantum is also more realistic.

I have very little faith in Microsoft’s two decades in Quantum research. Nor the publications that do PR for them that are supposed to be real journalists. Do I believe that Majorana 1 could fit a million qubits onto a chip comparable in size to modern CPUs? Not in the slightest. Do I believe this is a Quantum milestone like dozens of Evangelists on LinkedIn parroting the PR? Not at all.

Is it entertaining reading geared to promote National defense funding into Quantum and boost speculative Quantum penny stocks? Perhaps if you are gullible to American BigTech lobbying.

They are using Ettore Majorana’s name, probably in vain. It’s very much a story for the NYT, to get behind, who also do PR for BigTech. I’m saying this while we are in a Quantum winter, with funding drying up but “breakthroughs” arriving on a weekly basis in pop-science magazines.

Read the Nature Paper 2025

What is the Quantum Winter?

As an emerging tech analyst I’m more bullish about the progress in robotics and humanoid general purpose robots, but not Quantum. "Quantum winter" refers to a period of stagnation in the development and investment in quantum computing technology, characterized by decreased interest and financial backing.

Microsoft would be among my last choices to bet on for the future of Quantum. Satya Nadella has a history of some pretty exaggerated claims when Generative AI first came out. When you have to retract a paper from Nature, it tells you all you need to know.

Qubits can be created in different ways, each with advantages and disadvantages. It might take another 20 years to even build a real quantum computer with trillions of calculations and over a million qubits. Topological architectures are a moonshot, at best.

CEO of Nvidia on Quantum’s Future

Recently, Jensen Huang, the CEO of Nvidia, made significant remarks regarding the future of quantum computing, suggesting that useful quantum computers may still be 15 to 30 years away. During various presentations and analyst calls, he emphasized the challenges and limitations currently facing the technology, asserting that the practical application of quantum computing is likely two decades away.

I concur with that realty. Who are you going to trust on this, Satya Nadella or Jensen Huang?

Huang's comments came during Nvidia's analyst day at CES 2025.

• For the record I like Krysta Svore, I think she also made some nice videos.

• But do I think Microsoft has made “the world’s first Quantum Processing Unit (QPU) powered by topological qubits” that has a viable future? No I don’t at all.

This is the problem with R&D in-house at a firm like Microsoft. They are paid to exaggerate the success of their work forcing engineers and scientists into petty PR spinners.

She adds:

“While the built-in protection of topological qubits simplifies quantum error correction (QEC), we still need reliable QEC to get us to a fault-tolerant quantum supercomputer. Today, our team also published a roadmap to show our path from single-qubit devices to arrays that enable quantum error correction where our custom QEC codes can reduce overhead roughly tenfold compared to the previous state of the art approach. This dramatic reduction means that our scalable system can be built from fewer physical qubits and has the potential to run at a faster clock speed.”

• They don’t have QEC, all they have is a roadmap. Big surprise.

Plenty of Quantum startups have roadmaps too, and papers and funding.

Read Chetan's Blogs

• Are engineered Qubits the future? We actually don’t know.

• Is Microsoft a potential leader in topological architectures? Perhaps.

• What did Microsoft actually provide? Well, a roadmap, kind of.

Read the Roadmap

It’s impossible to verify the integrity of the claims they have made with the lack of data and technical details they have provided. In the PR world startups typically do this when they don’t have anything tangible. Having a picture of a new Quantum chip prototype, means nothing in such a context.

The use of Majorana fermions is fascinating, but for practical Quantum computers, it’s probably a dead end.

If you were a top physicist or Quantum researcher, it’s fairly unlikely you’d want to work at Microsoft. Building or saying that you have built the world’s first fault-tolerant prototype (FTP) based on topological qubits is a nice ploy, especially considering how badly Microsoft is failing in Generative AI. Is fairly distracting from your R&D failures, which were fairly expected given you funded your main competitor (OpenAI).

For Microsoft as an entity of research, there are bigger issues at play here.

Google’s Willow Chip (first image) or Majorana 1 Chip (second image) gives the impression you are a leader in complicated future technologies.

It doesn’t take much digging into the facts to see how far this is from the reality of innovation and progress in the space. The Google PR (late 2024) had a huge impact on the stock market, and this chip story is even more speculative.

Current estimates suggest that there are roughly 6.2 PR professionals for each journalist, which underscores the challenges faced by journalists in an environment increasingly saturated with public relations activities and a social media platforms run by BigTech and Billionaire interests. The ratio of PR to investigative journalists by the end of the 2020s will be closer to 10:1.

In December 2022, the DoD announced its decision to utilize Microsoft Azure as part of its Joint Warfighting Cloud Capability (JWCC), a multi-cloud initiative designed to enhance operational capabilities across the military services. This contract, valued at approximately $9 billion.

Don’t be surprised if the Topological architecture and news about the Majorana 1 chip fades into the white noise of the Quantum winter. Microsoft and Google are spending so much on Generative AI and AI Infrastructure they certainly don’t have decent R&D budgets for quantum computing. Of course this is what makes all of this PR so laughable.

That’s after all, why SandboxAQ was spun out of Google.

Good Morning,

In recent years, QuEra who came out of stealth in November, 2021 have done some of the top research in Quantum computing in the world.

QuEra Computing has established itself as a leading player in the quantum computing industry by focusing on neutral-atom quantum technologies.

This is a huge funding for a very promising Startup. A startup o…

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Good Morning,

I wanted to briefly talk about Honeywell being spun out into three separate entities. In conjunction, Quantinuum, the quantum computing subsidiary of Honeywell, is indeed gearing up for an initial public offering (IPO).

Recent reports confirm that Quantinuum is targeting a valuation of around $10 billion and aims to go public possibly as s…

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